Relevance of Large Language Models in Latin American Education: A Systematic Review
Relevancia de la Inteligencia Artificial en la Educación, 2026 · pp. 7-34
Abstract
This article presents a systematic literature review, following the PRISMA methodology, on the relevance of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT in education in Latin America between January 2023 and April 2025. More than one hundred academic sources from recognized databases (Scopus, SciELO, Redalyc, ArXiv, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar) were analyzed, prioritizing empirical studies (quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods), as well as theoretical articles, previous systematic reviews, and relevant regulatory or technical frameworks. The review covers all educational levels (basic, secondary, and higher education, and teacher training) and includes literature in both Spanish and English focused on Latin American contexts. The results reveal a rapid increase in research on LLMs in Latin American educational settings, with findings showing largely positive perceptions of the potential of tools such as ChatGPT to personalize teaching, improve learning, and foster skills such as critical and creative thinking, while also highlighting significant concerns regarding academic integrity, gaps in access, language bias, and the need for teacher training. The implications of these findings for educational practice in the region are discussed, including pedagogical strategies, ethical considerations, and public policy. Finally, recommendations are proposed for the responsible integration of generative AI into Latin American education, emphasizing the importance of approaches that harness its benefits while mitigating its risks.
Cite this work
Carlos Toxtli-Hernández. 2026. Relevance of Large Language Models in Latin American Education: A Systematic Review. Relevancia de la Inteligencia Artificial en la Educación.
@incollection{Toxtli2026Relevance,
title = {Relevance of Large Language Models in Latin American Education: A Systematic Review},
author = {Toxtli, Carlos},
editor = {Hernández Abad, Vicente Jesús and Mora Guevara, José Luis Alfredo and Palestino Escoto, Feliciano and Reyes Iriar, Gloria Margarita},
booktitle = {Relevancia de la Inteligencia Artificial en la Educación},
pages = {7--34},
publisher = {Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza},
address = {Ciudad de México},
year = {2026},
isbn = {978-607-642-729-3},
url = {https://www.zaragoza.unam.mx/relevancia-ia-educacion/}
}Related
